Surface layer: Usually made of breathable fibrous material, such as non-woven fabric, ensures that urine can quickly penetrate into the absorbing layer while keeping the surface of the urine pad dry.‌

Absorbent layer: This is the core part of the urine pad that uses a highly absorbent material, such as superabsorbent polymer (SAP), to quickly absorb and lock the urine, preventing urine regosmosis.

The bottom layer: has a leak-proof design, usually using waterproof materials, such as PE film, to ensure that urine does not penetrate into the floor or carpet, to keep the home environment clean.